14-STRESS, HEALTH, AND COPING

Psychological stress is a response that occurs following the perception of threatening events, and its degree of impact depends on factors such as predictability, level of control, and the duration of exposure to the situation. When facing this state, the body prepares itself for fight or flight by activating biological reactions, such as an increased heart rate and the release of specific hormones; however, the persistence of this condition can lead to physical exhaustion, cardiovascular diseases, and a weakened immune system.

From a psychological perspective, severe stress can cause disorders such as recurrent intrusive memories and emotional numbness. A person's cognitive appraisal of the situation and their use of coping strategies—whether problem-focused or emotion-focused—alongside personality traits like optimism and hardiness, determine their level of vulnerability. Ultimately, managing these stressors is possible through relaxation exercises, physical activity, and cognitive restructuring, which help maintain balance and well-being during challenging circumstances.