نشریه علمی - فرهنگی میزبان نهایی (شماره دوم)_مقاله انگلیسی اول

Comparative Review of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Distribution in Iraq and Western Provinces of Iran

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a significant public health challenge in both Iraq and Iran, with substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact. This review examines the epidemiological patterns of CL distribution in Iraq and compares these findings with the western provinces of Iran, synthesizing data from multiple studies conducted between 2011-2021. The evidence indicates that CL is endemic across most Iraqi governorates, with the highest concentrations in central and southern regions including Diyala, Salahuddin, Wasit, and Baghdad. In Iran, the western provinces bordering Iraq share similar ecological characteristics that facilitate disease transmission. Demographic analysis reveals consistent patterns: males are more frequently affected than females, children and young adults (particularly those under 20 years) constitute the most vulnerable populations, and lesions predominantly occur on exposed body parts. Seasonal variations demonstrate peak incidence during winter months, corresponding to sandfly breeding seasons and incubation periods. Environmental factors including low elevation, moderate rainfall, and rural agricultural settings significantly influence disease distribution. The complex epidemiology of CL in this region necessitates tailored, region-specific control strategies rather than uniform approaches.